Shero (Yongtong) Lao
Bacterial transformation is the process of inserting a foreign plasmid (a small, circular DNA strand) into bacteria, such as bacterium Escherichia coli. Harmless E.Coli strains are commonly used in a scientific laboratory to store DNA sequences and produce proteins because of how easy and fast these cells grow in the laboratory setting. During transformation, bacterial cells uptake the foreign plasmid, replicate the plasmid, transcribe the DNA into RNA, and eventually translate these RNA strands to produce an enormous amount of proteins of interest. This process of replication, transcription, and translation is known as the central dogma of biology. Not every bacterial cell takes up a foreign plasmid during the transformation process. Therefore, scientists use a foreign plasmid that also contains an antibiotic-resistant gene, so a bacteria cell that uptakes the plasmic can be selected on antibiotic plates or media.
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